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BRIGHT FLASH FROM FLAT BATTERY This is a Bright Flash From Flate Battery and 3v  White LED Flasher Project. This circuit can flash a white LED, on a provide from 2v to 6v and turn out a really bright flash. The circuit takes regarding 2mA and recent cells are often used. the 2 100u electros in parallel produce a much better flash when the availability is 6v. 3v WHITE LED FLASHER This will flash a white LED, on 3v provide and turn out a really bright flash. The circuit produces a voltage on top of 5v if the LED isn't in circuit however the LED limits the voltage to its characteristic voltage of three.2v to 3.6v.   The circuit takes regarding 2mA an is really a voltage-doubler (voltage incrementer) arrangement. Note the 10k charges the 100u. It doesn't illuminate the LED because the 100u is charging and also the voltage across it's invariably less than 3v. When the 2 transistors conduct, the collector of the BC557 rises to rail voltage and pulls the 100u HIGH. The negative ...

Thanks to their high light output and long lifetimes, a white LED is an excellent choice as a replacement for the incandescent bulb in a penlight torch. However, there is a ‘but’. Depending on the current level, white LEDs need a voltage of 3 to 4 V. You thus need a penlight with at least three batteries, which is not exactly what you can call compact. Fortunately, this problem can be remedied using a simple adapter circuit.   The design described here allows a white LED to be operated from a single 1.5-V battery. It consists of a simple step-up converter and an oscillator. If the circuit is built using SMD components as much as possible, it will not be difficult to fit everything into the torch.  The actual step-up converter consists of L1 and T1. The coil is wound on an EP7 core, which consists of a spool, two core halves (T-38 core material) and a clip/screen. It is available from Farnell, among others. Wind 17 turns of 0.5-mm enamelled copper wire on the spool. If you make the wind...

This is a generator circuit which is very useful, it simultaneously generates two types of noise, pink and white. The noise generator is a circuit that produces electrical noise . Noise generators are used to test , measure noise , frequency response , and other parameters . The circuit described here is based on the operational amplifier 741 .  Dual White Noise and Pink Noise Generator Circuit Diagram